An exoskeleton is a wearable electromechanical auxiliary device fitted to the human body, combining bionic mechanical structures, sensing technology and intelligent control systems to enhance human physical performance or assist rehabilitation training. It is mainly divided into passive and powered types for different application fields. Passive exoskeletons adopt lightweight high-strength materials like carbon fiber and aviation aluminum. They rely on elastic components and mechanical leverage to share pressure on the waist, shoulders and knees during heavy lifting, bending and long-time standing, effectively relieving muscle fatigue and lowering the risk of occupational injuries in logistics, construction and manufacturing industries. Powered exoskeletons are equipped with servo motors and precision sensors, which can identify users’ movement intentions in real time. They help patients with paraplegia, hemiplegia and lower limb weakness complete standing, walking and gait training, preventing complications such as muscle atrophy and joint contracture caused by long-term wheelchair use. Most exoskeletons support multi-dimensional size adjustment and integrate safety functions including emergency stop and anti-fall protection. With continuous technological development, the exoskeleton is gradually becoming essential intelligent equipment for workplace protection and medical rehabilitation, greatly improving work efficiency and helping mobility-impaired groups regain self-care ability and life confidence.